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4: Amazing Eddy Currents—Apply Them to Thin Metal Thickness Measurement, By George R. Steber
REFERENCES
[1] E. Pinotti and E. Puppin, “Simple Lock-In Technique for Thickness Measurement of Metallic Plates”, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol 63, no. 2, pp 479-484, February 2014
[2] G. Steber,”Experiments With Eddy Current Methods for Thickness Measurements of Thin Metallic Materials,” QEX, No. 287, November/December 2014
[3] www.omicron-lab.com/bode-100/application-notes-know-how/articles-use-cases/eddy-current-testing.html
[4 ] www.oxford_instruments.com
[5] W. Yin and A. Peyton, “Thickness Measurement of Metallic Plates With an Electromagnetic Sensor Using Phase Signature Analysis”, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol 57, no. 5, pp 1803-1807, August 2008
[6] G. Steber, “An LMS Impedance Bridge”, QEX, No. 232, September/October 2005
10: No Blues with Bluetooth! — Part 7: Versions 5.0 to 6.0, By Robert Lacoste
REFERENCES
[1] Robert Lacoste. “No Blues with Bluetooth. Part 1: An Introduction.” Circuit Cellar 405, April, 2024
[2] – Bluetooth Core Specification: https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/specs/
[3] Robert Lacoste. “The Darker Side – RF location techniques,.” Circuit Cellar 379, February, 2022.
[4] – Electronic Shelf Label Profile https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/specs/electronic-shelf-label-profile-1-0/
[5] Robert Lacoste. “No Blues with Bluetooth. Part 6: Bluetooth Cybersecurity Basics,” Circuit Cellar 412, November, 2024.
[6] – Mohammad Afaneh, “Periodic Advertising with Responses (PAwR): Bidirectional Bluetooth Advertising Is Now Possible.» February 2024. https://novelbits.io/periodic-advertising-with-responses-pawr/
[7] – Bhargavi Nisarga.”High Accuracy, Low Cost, Secure Ranging with Bluetooth Channel Sounding.” Texas instruments, Application note SWRA791. https://www.ti.com/lit/an/swra791/swra791.pdf?ts=1728164211282
[8] – Bluetooth SIG. “Bluetooth Channel Sounding – A Step Towards 10-cm Ranging Accuracy for Secure Access, Digital Key, and Proximity Services.” https://www.bluetooth.com/blog/bluetooth-channel-sounding-a-step-towards-10-cm-ranging-accuracy-for-secure-access-digital-key-and-proximity-services/
[9]– Bluetooth SIG. “Version deprecation and withdrawal dates.” See the last two columns in the table of publications on the following webpage: https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/specs
16: Basic Pulse Circuits — Part 1: Essentials for Processing Outside Signals, By Wolfgang Matthes
RESOURCES
Xilinx | www.amd.com
SOURCES
Basics of digital electronics:
Textbooks and lectures are too numerous to be mentioned here. What we need, however, is somewhat difficult to find. We need an intermediate level. Switching algebra is too abstract, neglecting engineering aspects almost totally. Most introductory college-level texts cover our topics only superficially. Decades-old books, although venerable, are focused mostly on electronics (and on transistors or even vacuum tubes to boot). According to my experience, the most useful content can be found at the semiconductor manufacturers ([1] may serve as a good example). However, you may need to browse around for some time.
REFERENCES
[1] Logic Application Handbook. Product Features and Application Insights. Design Engineer’s Guide. Nexperia B.V., 2021. https://assets.nexperia.cn/documents/brochure/Nexperia_LOGIC_Handbook_201029.pdf
[2] Katz, Randy H.: Contemporary Logic Design. Benjamin/Cummings, 1998.
[3] Morris, Robert L.; Miller, John R. (ed.s): Designing with TTL Integrated Circuits. Texas Instruments/McGraw-Hill, 1971.
http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ti/_Texas_Instruments_Electronics_Series/Morris_Designing_With_TTL_Integrated_Circuits_1971.pdf
[4] Matthes, W.: Embedded Electronics 2. Digitaltechnik. Elektor, 2010. (Regrettably, it is in German, despite the title.)
Guides and data books:
[5] Logic Guide 2017. SDYU001AB. Texas Instruments, 2017.
https://www.ti.com/lit/sg/sdyu001ab/sdyu001ab.pdf?ts=1689165284559
[6] Little Logic Guide 2018. SYCT29G. Texas Instruments, 2018.
https://www.ti.com/lit/sg/scyt129g/scyt129g.pdf
[7] Nexperia Selection Guide_2023. Nexperia B.V., 2023.
https://assets.nexperia.com/documents/selection-guide/Nexperia_Selection_guide_2023.pdf
[8] AVC Advanced Very-Low-Voltage CMOS Logic Data Book. SCED008C. Texas Instruments, 2003.
https://www.ti.com/jp/lit/ug/sced008c/sced008c.pdf
[9] AUC Advanced Ultra-Low-Voltage CMOS Logic Data Book. SCED011a. Texas Instruments, 2003.
Latch and flip-flop data sheets:
Data sheets can be easily found by visiting the manufacturer’s websites (see below in the Resources section) and making good use of the search functions. For available types, see, for example, [5] to [9].
CPLD and FPGA selection guides, application notes, and so on:
We list here only a few documents of typical CPLD and FPGA families we have used for acquiring design experience and as demonstrational examples. All manufacturers offer similar comprehensive documentation.
[10] CoolRunner Documents
https://www.xilinx.com/support/documentation-navigation/silicon-devices/mature-products/coolrunner.html
[11] CoolRunner-II CPLD Family Product Specification DS090. Xilinx, Inc. 2008.
https://docs.amd.com/v/u/en-US/ds090
[12] Sanchez, Reno: CoolRunner XPLA3 CPLD Architecture Overview. White Paper WP105. Xilinx, Inc. 2000.
https://docs.amd.com/v/u/en-US/wp105
[13] Chapman, Ken: Get Smart About Reset: Think Local, Not Global. White Paper WP272. Xilinx, Inc. 2008.
https://docs.amd.com/v/u/en-US/wp272
[14] Using Verilog to Create CPLD Designs. Application Note XAPP143. Xilinx, Inc. 2001.
https://docs.amd.com/v/u/en-US/xapp143
[15] Understanding the CoolRunner-II Timing Model. Application Note XAPP375. Xilinx, Inc. 2003.
https://docs.amd.com/v/u/en-US/xapp375
[16] Understanding the CoolRunner-II Logic Engine. Application Note XAPP376. Xilinx, Inc. 2002.
https://docs.amd.com/v/u/en-US/xapp376
[17] High Speed Design with CoolRunner-II CPLDs. Application Note XAPP379. Xilinx, Inc. 2001.
https://docs.amd.com/v/u/en-US/xapp379
[18] 7 Series Product Selection Guide.
https://docs.amd.com/v/u/en-US/7-series-product-selection-guide
[19] 7 Series FPGAs Configurabe Logic Block User Guide UG474. Xilinx, Inc. 2016.
https://docs.amd.com/v/u/en-US/ug474_7Series_CLB
[20] ISE Design Suite 14 Product Brief. Xilinx, Inc. 2012.
https://www.xilinx.com/publications/prod_mktg/ISE_sellsheet.pdf
[21] ISE Design Suite 14 Product Table. Xilinx, Inc. 2012.
https://www.xilinx.com/publications/matrix/Software_matrix.pdf
[22] ISE WebPACK Design Software
https://www.xilinx.com/products/design-tools/ise-design-suite/ise-webpack.html
24: Building An Unconventional Home Anemometer — Using an Arduino Pro Mini Microcontroller, By Gamal Labib
RESOURCES
Adruino| www.arduino.cc
REFERENCES
[1] YF-S201 black flow sensor https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/product-files/828/C898+datasheet.pdf
[2] https://miliohm.com/how-to-use-a-water-flow-meter-sensor-make-water-meter-with-arduino-or-esp8266/
[3] https://www.circuitschools.com/water-flow-sensor-with-arduino-to-measure-flow-rate-volume/
[4] Drone coreless motor model 720 rated 10,000 RPM (at 3.7V as seller states) to be used as a voltage generator, https://nfpmotor.com/7mm-micro-coreless-motor-20mm-length-model-nfp-d0720-2184
[5] https://www.rcscomponents.kiev.ua/datasheets/ky-040-datasheet.pdf
[6] https://forum.arduino.cc/t/using-a-rotary-encoder-simple-tutorial/252331
[7] https://slip-ring.com/what-is-an-electrical-slip-ring/
[8] https://www.iqsdirectory.com/articles/ball-bearing.html
[9] https://pfibearings.com/product/608-zz-c3/
30: TECHNOLOGY FEATURE Harvesting Ambient Energy — Hybrid Power Sources Cut IoT Battery Dependency, By Tom Murphy
RESOURCES
Advanced Linear Devices | www.aldinc.com
Atmosic | atmosic.com
Everactive | everactive.com
Powercast | www.powercastco.com
Silicon Labs | www.silabs.com
REFERENCES
[1] Advanced Linear Devices Energy Harvesting modules – http://www.aldinc.com/press_details.php?id=31
[2]Silicon Labs Ambient IoT blog: https://www.silabs.com/blog/ambient-iot-the-future-of-sustainable-iot
[3] Powercast CEO demonstrates Powerharvester technology at Sensor Converge 2024: https://youtu.be/1ZQ5nbL-pik
[4] Powercast’s embedded wireless power charging technology [3] https://www.powercastco.com/wireless-power/
[5]Atmosic makes energy harvesting omnivorous: https://atmosic.com/technology-energyharvesting/
[6] Everactive: https://everactive.com/posts/everactive-releases-first-development-kit-opening-batteryless-iot-to-all-2/
[7] Everactive ultra-low power receivers https://everactive.com/whitepapers/ultralow-power-receivers/
[8] Stream trap case study: https://everactive.com/iot-case-studies/case-study-anheuser-busch/
[9] Everactive eval kit: https://cdn.everactive.com/content/uploads/2022/12/12100627/ENV-Evaluation-Kit-Data-Sheet-Nov-2022-1.pdf
[10] KIST energy harvester research: https://www.azom.com/news.aspx?newsID=62480
36: DATASHEET Tiny Embedded Boards — Power, Performance, and Versatility in Meager Square Millimeters, By Tom Murphy
Datasheet URLs:
Adafruit: https://www.adafruit.com/product/3886
Arduino: https://store-usa.arduino.cc/products/arduino-nano
Embeddedts: https://www.embeddedts.com/products/TS-4100
Espressif: https://espressif.com/sites/default/files/documentation/esp32-pico-mini-02_datasheet_en.pdf
Mikroe: https://www.mikroe.com/ir-thermo-4-click
Nvidia: https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/autonomous-machines/embedded-systems/jetson-orin/#tech-specs
Orange Pi: http://www.orangepi.org/html/hardWare/computerAndMicrocontrollers/details/Orange-Pi-3B.html
Raspberry Pi: https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/rp2350/rp2350-datasheet.pdf
Seco: https://www.seco.com/Datasheet/Modules/SMARC/SOM-SMARC-QCS6490_datasheet.pdf
40: EMBEDDED IN THIN SLICES Easing the Path for App Releases — Managed Development of React Native with Expo, By Bob Japenga
REFERENCES
[1] Bob Japenga. “An Embedded Designer Looks at Mobile App Development.” Circuit Cellar 405, April, 2024.
[2] Bob Japenga. “React Native Ecosystems.” Circuit Cellar 407, June, 2024.
[3] Bob Japenga. “Mobile App Development with React Native.” Circuit Cellar 410, September, 2024.
[4] Bob Japenga. “React Native Hooks: The Closest Thing to System Calls.” Circuit Cellar 411, October, 2024.
[5] https://play.google.com/console/u/1/signup
[6] https://docs.expo.dev/deploy/submit-to-app-stores/
[7] https://expo.dev/pricing
[8] https://developer.android.com/tools/adb
[9] https://developer.apple.com/
[10] https://survey.stackoverflow.co/2024/technology#most-popular-technologies
44: START TO FINISH Driving LCDs — Lumex Display with Microchip Driver for a TI MCU, By Stuart Ball
RESOURCES
AY0438 datasheet: http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/devicedoc/80438a.pdf
TB67S111 datasheet: Pacific Display: http://pacificdisplay.com/
50: FROM THE BENCH The Long and Winding Road — From Maxim’s RS-232 to WeMos ESP32: So Much to Do, So Little Time, By Jeff Bachiochi
REFERENCES
[1] Steve Ciarcia. “Inside the Box Still Counts,” Circuit Cellar INK, 1, Jan/Feb 1988.
[2] Jeff Bachiochi. From the Bench. “RS-232 Economic Tradeoffs—Board Space vs. Parts Count vs. Parts Co$t,” Circuit Cellar INK, 5, Sept/Oct 1988.
[3 ] Dial and pushbutton telephones: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CDP1802_microprocessor_on_a_wire_wrap_prototype_board.jpg
[4] Jeff Bachiochi. From the Bench. “PC Programming Comes to Embedded Control — V25 … An 8088 with All The Good Stuff,” Circuit Cellar INK, 17, Oct/Nov 1990.
[5] Jeff Bachiochi. From the Bench. “Electronic Identification.” Circuit Cellar INK, 24, Dec 1991/Jan 1992.
[6] Jeff Bachiochi. From the Bench. “Electronic Identification.” Circuit Cellar INK, 24, Dec 1991/Jan 1992.
[7] Jeff Bachiochi. From the Bench. “Entry-level Embedded Development/On a Shoestring Budget.” Circuit Cellar INK, 30, Dec 1992/Jan 1993.
[8] Jeff Bachiochi. From the Bench. “Talk on the Phone Without a Word.” Circuit Cellar INK 40, Nov 1993.
[9] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strowger_switch.
[10] Dial. Berthold Werner – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0 https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18419536
[11] Push Button. By Jonathan Mauer – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0 https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=50534668
[12] Jeff Bachiochi. Circuit Cellar INK, 9, June/July 1989.
[13] Jeff Bachiochi. From the Bench. “Just One Mile More. Creating a PIC-based Pedometer.” Circuit Cellar INK, 75, Oct 1996.
[14] Jeff Bachiochi. From the Bench. “Magnetic Levitation: An Example in Closed-Loop Control—How to Defy Gravity without the Use of Black Magic.” Circuit Cellar INK, 18, Dec 1990/Jan 1991.
[15] Jeff Bachiochi. From the Bench. “ Vaporwear: Revealing Your Humidity.”Circuit Cellar INK, 57, April 1995.
[16] Jeff Bachiochi. From the Bench. “Dallas 1-Wire Devices, Part 1: One on One.” Circuit Cellar 105, April 1999; and “ Dallas 1-Wire Devices, Part 2: All on One,” Circuit Cellar INK, 106, May 1999.
[17] Jeff Bachiochi. From the Bench. “Power Over Ethernet Primer.” Circuit Cellar, 187, Feb 2006.
[18] Jeff Bachiochi. From the Bench. “ What’s the Slope?” Circuit Cellar, 202, May 2007.
[19] Jeff Bachiochi. From the Bench. “Access SD Memory Cards (Part 1): Solid-State Storage Media in Embedded Apps.” Circuit Cellar, 222, Jan 2009; and “Access SD Memory Cards (Part 2): Use the FAT File Format to Move Data.” Circuit Cellar, 223, Feb 2009
[20] Jeff Bachiochi. From the Bench. “Airflow Analysis.” Circuit Cellar, 231, Oct 2009.
[21] Jeff Bachiochi. From the Bench. “Sun Tracker (Part 1): Create a Directional Light Sensor.” Circuit Cellar, 235, Feb 2020; and “ Sun Tracker (Part 2): Power Up and Start Tracking.” Circuit Cellar, 236, March 2010.
[22] Jeff Bachiochi. From the Bench. “Quantifying Precipitation: Construct a Device to Measure Rainfall.” Circuit Cellar, 258, Jan 2012.
[23] Jeff Bachiochi. From the Bench. “ Ladder Logic (Part 1).” Circuit Cellar, 297, April, 2015; and “ Ladder Logic (Part 2): The Export File.” Circuit Cellar, 298. May 2015.
[24] Arduino’s PLC line of controllers. www.arduino.cc/pro/hardware-product-family-opta-family/
[25] Jeff Bachiochi. From the Bench. “Long-Range, Low-Power Wireless Communications (Part 1): Trading Throughput for Distance.” Circuit Cellar, 323, June 2017; and “Long-Range, Low-Power Wireless Communications (Part 2): Put LoRa to Work.: Circuit Cellar, 324, July 2017.
[26] Jeff Bachiochi. From the Bench. ”Cellular. The Forgotten Wi-Fi. Part 3. Using NoteCard, an Embedded Communications Module.” Circuit Cellar, 400, Nov 2023.
[27] Jeff Bachiochi. From the Bench. “Approaching PCB Nirvana.” Circuit Cellar INK, 28, Aug/Sept 1992.
[28] Jeff Bachiochi. From the Bench.”Tools—Part 1: Schematic Capture—the Proverbial Electronic Napkin.” Circuit Cellar INK, 76, Nov 1996.
[29] Jeff Bachiochi. From the Bench. “Tools—Part 2: PCB Layout—Time to Place the Donuts.” Circuit Cellar INK, 77, Dec 1996.
[30] Jeff Bachiochi. From the Bench. “Handcrafting Design Ideas.” Circuit Cellar INK,70, May 1996.
[31] Jeff Bachiochi. From the Bench “Smart Auto Brake Light Eliminates Turn Indicators,”” Circuit Cellar, 148, Nov 2002.
[32] Jeff Bachiochi. From the Bench. “Intro to Mindstorms,” Circuit Cellar, 153, April 2003.
[33] Jeff Bachiochi. From the Bench. “Build an IR-Based LEGO Train Controller, Part 1, Near-Wavelength IR in Action.” Circuit Cellar, 378, January, 2022.
[34] Jeff Bachiochi. From the Bench. “”Build an IR-Based LEGO Train Controller. Part 2, IR Receiving End.” Circuit Cellar, 379, February, 2022.
[35.] Jeff Bachiochi. From the Bench. “Automating Sudoku.” Circuit Cellar, 189, April 2006.
[36] Jeff Bachiochi. From the Bench. “Fly-by-Wire Wheelchair: Beyond Normal Joystick Control.” Circuit Cellar, 256, Nov 2011.
[37] Jeff Bachiochi. From the Bench. “Bluetooth Wheelchair Control.” Circuit Cellar, 257, Dec 2011.
[38] Maker Faire website : https://makerfaire.com/globalmap/?utm_source=make&utm_medium=universalnav&utm_campaign=makerfaire-map&utm_content=launch
[39] Jeff Bachiochi. From the Bench. “A Visit to the World Maker Faire.” Circuit Cellar, 283, Feb 2014.
[40] Jeff Bachiochi. From the Bench. “Refrigerator Repair Project, Using Espressif’s ESP32 MCU.” Circuit Cellar, 377, Dec 2021.
[41] Jeff Bachiochi. From the Bench. “Artificial Dawn and Dusk, Don’t Scare the Chickens!” Circuit Cellar, 395, June 2023.
62: TECH THE FUTURE The Future of Future of Embedded Chip Design — Navigating the Chip Creation Space — Custom Silicon at Lower Cost, Reduced Development Time, By Michael Wishart
RESOURCES
Efabless | www.efabless.com
Circuit Cellar's editorial team comprises professional engineers, technical editors, and digital media specialists. You can reach the Editorial Department at editorial@circuitcellar.com, @circuitcellar, and facebook.com/circuitcellar
