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p.6: Water Alarm Evolves to Full Home Security: Multi-Sensor Safety, By Devlin Gualtieri
Reference:
[1] Comidox 433Mhz HC-12 SI4463 Wireless Serial Port Module at https://www.amazon.com/Comidox-433Mhz-Wireless-Replace-Bluetooth/dp/B07KD4GR18/PIC 16F688 Data Sheet from Microchip Technology
http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/devicedoc/41203d.pdf
PIC Basic is available from ME Labs (https://melabs.com
Raspberry Pi OS Download Page https://www.raspberrypi.org/software/operating-systems
RioRand LCD Module for Arduino 20 x 4, White on Blue
http://www.riorand.com/electronics/active-components/riorandtm-lcd-module-for-arduino-20-x-4-white-on-blue.html Source for purchase: https://www.amazon.com/RioRand-Module-Arduino-White-Blue/dp/B00GZ6GK7A
ME Labs | www.melabs.com
Microchip Technology | www.microchip.com
Raspberry Pi Foundation | www.raspberrypi.org
RioRand | www.riorand.com
p.16: Build a Motor Dynamometer: Using a PIC32 MCU, By Erika Yu, Aasta Gandhi and Kowin Shi
E. Dlala, “Advanced Design of Electric Motors”, Ansys Blog, 2013.
A. Cartwright, “Tutorial: How to use the ACS758 Hall effect current sensor module with Arduino! (to measure current)”, YouTube, 2016.
Analog Devices, “Nonvolatile Memory, 1024-Position Digital Potentiometer”, 2017.
Allegro Microsystems, LLC, “Thermally Enhanced, Fully Integrated, Hall-Effect-Based Linear Current Sensor IC with 100 micro-ohms Current Conductor”, 2017.
“The Strain Gauge”, Sensorland.
Sharp, “GP1A57HRJ00F”, 2005. {Jeff—does this make sense to you?}
Adafruit, “USB to TTL Serial Cable – Debug/Console Cable for Raspberry Pi”, 2016.
National Instruments, “Strain Gauge Measurement – A Tutorial”, 1995.
A. Harrington, C. Kroninger, “Characterization of Small DC Brushed and Brushless Motors”, Defense Technical Information Center, 2013.
B. Land, “Cornell University ECE 4760 Designing with Microcontrollers Fall 2017”, Cornell University, 2017.
YouTube video for the Motor Dynamometer project:
Adafruit | www.adafruit.com
Allegro Microsystems | www.allegromicro.com
Analog Devices | www.analog.com
Mathworks | www.mathworks.com
Microchip Technology | www.microchip.com
SparkFun Electronics | www.sparkfun.com
Texas Instruments | www.ti.com
p.24: Build Your Own IoT Platform: Part 3: Adding Advanced Features, By Dhairya Parikh
References:
[1] “Build Your Own IoT Platform: Part 2” Circuit Cellar 372, July 2021[2] GitHub Repo: https://github.com/Dhairya1007/IoT-Platform-Article-3
[3] Postman Tutorial Video: https://youtu.be/cR_FqveTewo
[4] Application Password setup (for Gmail): https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/185833?hl=en
Node-RED | www.nodered.org
phpMyAdmin | www.phpmyadmin.net
Postman | www.postman.com
Twilio | www.twilio.com
p.32: Drone-Based Greenhouse Gas DAQ System: Using Teensy 4.1 Module, By Peter Shmerko and Dr. Chris Morton
References:
[1] Circuit Cellar article code and files webpage
[2] Winsen MQ-137 Ammonia Gas Sensor manual
https://cdn.sparkfun.com/assets/7/0/2/f/8/MQ137__Ver1.4__-_Manual.pdf
TABLES: SCROLL DOWN TO THE BOTTOM OF PAGE FOR AN APPENDIX CONTAINING THE TABLES FOR THIS ARTICLE
CO2Meter.com | www.co2meter.com
DF Robot | www.dfrobot.com
Euro-Gas Management Services | www.euro-gasman.com
Gas Sensing Solutions | www.gassensing.co.uk
Mathworks | www.mathworks.com
MikroElektronika (Mikroe) | www.mikroe.com
National Control Devices (NCD) | www.ncd.io
PJRC | www.pjrc.com
Pololu | www.pololu.com
Senseair | www.senseair.com
Sensirion | www.sensirion.com
Sparkfun Electronics | www.sparkfun.com
SPEC Sensors | www.spec-sensors.com
Winsen | www.winsen-sensor.com
X2 Robotics | www.x2robotics.ca
p.40: Smart Building Designs Spur Demand for IoT Solutions: Futurized Facilities, By Jeff Child
Connectivity Standards Alliance | www.csa-iot.org
IEI Integration | www.ieiworld.com
Infineon Technologies | www.infineon.com
Maxim Integrated | www.maximintegrated.com
Nordic Semiconductor | www.nordicsemi.com
Renesas Electronics | www.renesas.com
Semtech | www.semtech.com
STMicroelectronics | www.st.com
Texas Instruments | www.ti.com
Thread Group | www.threadgroup.org
U-blox | www.U-blox.com
p.48: Embedded AI Designs Embrace FPGAs and GPUs: High-Performance at the Edge, By Jeff Child
Achronix | www.achronix.com
Flex Logix Technologies | www.flex-logix.com
Intel | www.intel.com
Lattice Semiconductor | www.latticesemi.com
Microchip Technologies | www.micochip.com
Nvidia | www.nvidia.com
Quicklogic | www.quicklogic.com
Xilinx | www.xilinx.com
p.53: DATASHEET: Application-Specific MCUs: Target Market Mindset, By Jeff Child
Infineon Technologies www.infineon.com
Maxim Integrated www.maximintegrated.com
Microchip Technology www.microchip.com
NXP Semiconductors www.nxp.com
Renesas Electronics www.renasas.com
ST Microelectronics www.st.com
Texas Instruments www.ti.com
Infineon Technologies https://www.cypress.com/file/501801/download
Maxim Integrated https://datasheets.maximintegrated.com/en/ds/MAX78000.pdf
Microchip Technology https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/PIC18F27-47-57Q84-Data-Sheet-40002213D.pdf
NXP Semiconductors https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/fact-sheet/S32K3FS.pdf
Renesas Electronics https://www.renesas.com/us/en/document/dst/ra2l1-group-datasheet
STMicroelectronics https://www.st.com/en/automotive-microcontrollers/sr6g7c3.html#documentation
p.56: EMBEDDED IN THIN SLICES: FreeRTOS (Part 5): FreeRTOS+POSIX, By Bob Japenga
References:
[1] https://www.amazon.com/Real-Men-Dont-Eat-Quiche/dp/8285001210/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1619652227&sr=8-1[2] https://www.freertos.org/FreeRTOS-Plus/FreeRTOS_Plus_POSIX/index.html
[3] https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/contents.html
[4] http://get.posixcertified.ieee.org/register.html
[5] POSIX functions spreadsheet in an even more detailed list is provided in an Excel spread sheet, available for download from Circuit Cellar’s article code and files webpage
[6] “FreeRTOS Part 4 – Inter-Process Communications” (Circuit Cellar 371, June 2021)
FreeRTOS | www.freertos.org
Table 1 – FreeRTOS+POSIX Header Files
File | Description |
errno.h | This header file undefines the standard FreeRTOS error numbers and uses POSIX specific numbers. |
fcntl.h | Defines the File Control Options defines the values assigned to various file control parameters. |
mqueue.h | This defines the functions and data types related to Message Queues |
pthread.h | This defines the functions and data types related to Process Threads |
sched.h | This defines the functions and data types related to Scheduling |
semaphore.h | This defines the functions and data types related to Semaphores |
signal.h | This defines the functions and data types related to Signals |
sys/types.h | This defines the data types available in the system |
time.h | This defines the functions and data types related to time management |
unistd.h | This defines the symbolic constants and types |
utils.h | This defines some glue utility functions that are not POSIX compliant |
p.60: THE DARKER SIDE: Three-Phase Electric Power: Build Your Own Source, By Robert Lacoste
References:
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_the_currents
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics_of_three-phase_electric_power
[3] “Direct Digital Synthesis 101,” Circuit Cellar 217, August 2008
[4] AD9959
https://www.analog.com/en/products/ad9959.html#product-overview
[5] GPX1000.4 power amplifier
https://www.crunchaudio.de/english/gpx1000.4-amplifier.html
Resources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-phase_electric_power
https://www.ecmag.com/section/your-business/wye-does-it-matter
https://www.electronicshub.org/comparison-star-delta-connections
Analog Devices | www.analog.com
Crunch | www.crunchaudio.de
Keysight Technologies | www.keysight.com
STMicroelectronics | www.st.com
p.66: FROM THE BENCH: Putting 1-Wire Protocol into Action: Power and Control Share a Link, By Jeff Bachiochi
References:
[1] Application Note 187 – 1-Wire Search Algorithm
https://www.maximintegrated.com/en/design/technical-documents/app-notes/1/187.html
[2] Application Note 27 – Understanding and Using Cyclic Redundancy Checks with Maxim 1-Wire and iButton Products
https://www.maximintegrated.com/en/design/technical-documents/app-notes/2/27.html
Analog Devices | www.analog.com
Espressif Systems | www.espressif.com
Maxim Integrated | www.maximintegrated.com
p.79: The Future of Smart Buildings: Sustainable, Smart Buildings: Planet, People and Profits, By Byron BeMiller
References:
[1] Smart Building market Size, Share, Trends, Growth Opportunities and Forecast, 2019 – 2026, Acumen Research and Consulting
[2] The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS): A Resource for Assessing Exposure to Environmental Pollutants, by Neil E. Klepeis et al., Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
[3] Figure 2 source: www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-18922-7
LoRa Alliance | www.lora-alliance.org
APPENDIX — TABLES FOR SHMERKO ARTICLE
TABLE 1A:
MOS = Semiconductor
CAT = Catalytic
EC = Electrochemical
NDIR = Infrared
TABLE 1B
Manufacturer or Brand | Sensor ID | Measurement Accuracy (ppm) | Measurement Range (ppm) | Measurement Rate (sec/ measurement ) |
CozIR | GC-0012 | ± 50 ppm ± 3% | 0 – 10000 | 0.5 |
SenseAir | SE-0018 K30 | ± 30 ppm ± 3 % | 0 – 10000 | 2 |
SenseAir | SE-0119 S8 | ± 70ppm ± 3% | 0 – 10000 | 2 |
SenseAir | SE-0038 LP8 | ± 50ppm ± 3% | 0 – 10000 | >15 |
CozIR | GC-0027 | ± 50ppm ± 3% | 0 – 5000 | <30 |
SprintIR | GC-0028 | ± 70ppm ± 5% | 0 – 50000 | 2 |
SenseAir | SE-11 | ± 30ppm ± 3% | 400 – 10000 | 2 |
Sensirion | SCD30 | ± 30ppm ± 3% | 400 – 10000 | 2 |
Figaro | FG-010 | ± 50ppm ± 3% | 300 – 5000 | 2 |
NCD | MQ-4 | N/A | 200 – 10000 | N/A |
NCD | MQ-7 | N/A | 20 – 2000 | N/A |
DF Robot | SEN0321 | N/A | 0 – 10 | <90 |
NCD | MQ131 | N/A | 10 – 1000 | N/A |
Euro Gasman | 4 Series MS | N/A | N/A | N/A |
SpecSensors | DGS-CO 968-034 | ± 15% | 0 – 1000 | 5 |
SpecSensors | DGS-O3968-042 | ± 15% | 0 – 5 | 1 |
SpecSensors | DGS-NO2968-043 | ± 15% | 0 – 5 | 1 |
Winsen | MQ-7 | ± ~30% | 10 – 1000 | 1 |
Winsen | MQ-4 | ± ~30% | 300 – 10000 | 1 |
Winsen | MQ-8 | ± ~30% | 100 – 1000 | 1 |
Mikroe | MIKROE-3196 | ± 15% | 0 – 1000 | 5 |
Mikroe | MIKROE-4151 | ± ~30% | 5 – 200 | 1 |
Mikroe | MIKROE-2767 | ± ~30% | 10 – 1000 | 1 |
Mikroe | MIKROE-3098 | ± 15% | 0 – 20 | 1 |
TABLE 1C
Manufacturer or Brand | Sensor ID | Voltage Input (VDC) | Peak Current (mA) | Operating Temp. (°C) | Comm. Protocol |
CozIR | GC-0012 | 3.3 – 5.5 | 33 | 0 – 50 | UART |
SenseAir | SE-0018 K30 | 5.5 – 14 | 150 | 0 – 50 | UART/I2C |
SenseAir | SE-0119 S8 | 4.5 – 5.25 | 300 | 0 – 50 | UART/Modbus |
SenseAir | SE-0038 LP8 | 2.9 – 5.5 | 125 | 0 – 50 | UART |
CozIR | GC-0027 | 3.25 – 5.5 | 33 | 0 – 50 | UART |
SprintIR | GC-0028 | 3.25 – 5.5 | 33 | 0 – 50 | UART |
SenseAir | SE-11 | 3.05 – 5.5 | 125 | 0 – 50 | UART/I2C |
Sensirion | SCD30 | 3.3 – 5.5 | 75 | 0 – 50 | UART/I2C |
Figaro | FG-010 | 4.75 – 5.25 | 60 | 0 – 50 | UART/I2C/PWM |
NCD | MQ-4 | 5 | N/A | -10 – 50 | I2C |
NCD | MQ-7 | 5 | N/A | -20 – 50 | I2C |
DF Robot | SEN0321 | 3.3 – 5 | N/A | -20 – 50 | I2C |
NCD | MQ131 | 5 | N/A | N/A | I2C |
Euro Gasman | 4 Series MS | 3.3 – 5 | N/A | N/A | I2C |
SpecSensors | DGS-CO 968-034 | 2.6 – 3.6 | 4 | -30 – 50 | UART |
SpecSensors | DGS-O3968-042 | 3.0 – 3.6 | 4.3 | -30 – 50 | UART |
SpecSensors | DGS-NO2968-043 | 3.0 – 3.6 | 4.3 | -30 – 50 | UART |
Winsen | MQ-7 | 5 | 250 | -20 – 50 | Analog |
Winsen | MQ-4 | 5 | 250 | -20 – 50 | Analog |
Winsen | MQ-8 | 5 | 250 | -20 – 50 | Analog |
Mikroe | MIKROE-3196 | 3.3 – 5 | ~50 | -30 – 50 | Analog/I2C |
Mikroe | MIKROE-4151 | 3.3 – 5 | 250 | -30 – 50 | Analog/SPI |
Mikroe | MIKROE-2767 | 3.3 – 5 | 250 | -20 – 50 | Analog/SPI |
Mikroe | MIKROE-3098 | 3.3 – 5 | ~50 | -30 – 50 | Analog/I2C |
TABLE 2:
Manufacturer | Sensor Type / Link | Protocol | Price (Canadian $) |
Sparkfun | Accelerometer | I2C | $13.14 |
Sparkfun | Temperature | I2C | $5.61 |
Sparkfun | Alt/Pressure | I2C | $19.74 |
Sparkfun | Humidity | I2C | $13.14 |
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